熟悉评分规则减少书面表达错误

来自：查字典高考网 2007-01-15

高考英语大多以客观题为主，仅书面表达和阅卷老师接触最为亲密。阅卷老师喜欢什么样的英语作文，按什么规则给分，这是众多考生最为关注的问题。今天，我就以一个阅卷老师的身份，把这些秘密告诉给你。

高考英语书面表达的评分基本原则就是以要点给分，以要点语言错误扣分。所以，抓住要点，减少要点语言错误无疑是高考英语得高分的重要谋略。笔者在2006年四川高考阅卷的过程中，发现书面表达的主要问题集中在：（1）审题不准、漏掉要点。把不该写的如“武侯祠”、“乐山大佛”等写上去了，而漏掉了“交通”、“气候”等要点。（2）句型、时态等基础知识不牢。不少人只能写出一些相应的单词，写不出完整、正确的句子。（3）单词拼写错误多。如考生原文中，把traffic,example,water等常用词写错。为此，下面我们仅以四川卷为例，对考生作文加以点评。并根据评分细则，提出应对措施，希望给你高考应试提供帮助。

一、高考原题再现

（四川卷）书面表达（满分25分）

假如你是李华，你的新西兰笔友Nick将于八月来四川旅游，特来信询问有关旅游景点情况。试根据下面所提供的要点，写一封回信，并表示盼望他的到来。

注意：1、词数100左右，信的格式及开头已为你写好（不计入总词数）。

2、可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

3、参考词汇：省份province;海子lake; 都江堰水利工程Dujiangyan Irrigation Project

我们从题目要求可看出该文要点有五个：（1）、许多世界著名的风景名胜；（2）、九寨沟美丽，海子清澈见底，色彩斑斓；（3）、都江堰水利工程有两千多年历史，仍在发挥作用；（4）、气候适宜，交通方便；（5）、盼望到来。

二、考生高考书面表达原文分析：

（一）、Now, I’d like to tell you some wonderful seesiqhts in Sichuan. In fact, there are lots of places of interest which are well-known to the world.

For example, Jiuzhaigou is such a beautiful place that a great number of people pay a visit to it every year. The lake there is clean enough to see the bottom of it and it is very colorful as well. Besides, the Dujiangyan Irriqation Project also attracts so many visitors with a history of more than 2000 years. It’s still taking up its job.

Further more the weather in Sichuan is just Ok and it’s covenient for you to travel too. I’m looking forward to your coming.

Best wishes!

点评：该文五个要点齐全，语言基本无误，而且还使用了In fact, there are lots of places of interest which are well-known to the world. The lake there is clean enough to see the bottom of it and it is very colorful as well等一些非常出彩的句子。整篇文章连贯、流畅，表达清楚。该作文给分范围22―23分。（注：划横线处为语言错误。）

（二）、In your letter you asked me about that the place of the traveling views. I will tell you about it correctly at once. There are many beautiful sights, many of them are great in the world. Including nine-Zhaigou, the lake is a good place where you should travel in Sicluan provice. The lake is clearly you could see, and the color is very beautiful.

On the other hand , the Dujiangyan Irrigation Projeec is great . It has about two thousand history and It also has very importand at once.

The weather is very right and the triffice is very easy. You could do it rightly.

I am looking forward to your coming.

点评：该文五个要点基本齐全，但语言错误较多（多达10多个），按评分细则，10个左右错误，取其降档后的低线给分，该文给分范围15―17分。（注：划横线处为语言错误。）

（三）、Sichuan is a beautiful provice, It has many famous place. For exsampor, Jiu ZhaiGou he has the lake , it very beautiful,you will looking the fish in the woter, it has many colours ,So the Jiou ZhaiGou is very beautiful.

The the Dujiangyan Irrigation Project you must visit, because it have 2000 years old. Now the people have it. The end I will tell you Sichuan has many rod and the sky is very well.

I think you get to Sichuan very puickly. I want to see you.

点评：根据要点认定原则“（1）考生须用比较完整的句子表达出要点。如只写出关键词而无主谓结构，可视为未表达出该要点。（2）在表达要点的句子中，如果考生写出主谓结构及关键信息，但主谓结构有严重语言错误（如语态，连动词或只写出情态动词而无主词），可视为表达出半个要点。”该文多数表达要点的句子主谓结构有严重语言错误，只能认定为半个要点。该作文给分范围9―11分。（注：划横线处为语言错误。）

三、写作中的注意事项

1、用通俗的常规的句子表达，不要为了追求“出彩”而使用一些生僻的、自己又没完全掌握的表达方式而出错。如第一篇作文里的“The lake there is clean enough to see the bottom of it and it is very colorful as well. ”如果改为The lake is so clean that we can see the bottom of it and it is very colorful as well.所谓“出彩”的句子不外乎是从句，如状语从句、定语从句等。

2、表达要全面、连贯，不要漏掉要点，要让人读起来通顺流畅。

3、要适当提行，让阅卷教师容易找到要点。书写要工整，不要让阅卷教师看起来费力，切忌涂改。

4、切忌画蛇添足。俗话说，言多必失。阅卷是按要点给分，按出现的语言错误扣分，多写一句话就多一次出错的可能。在要点齐全的情况下，只要不少于80个词就不会因为词少而扣分。

5、养成良好的写作习惯，按“审题――列要点、写出关键词――连词成句、组句成文――检查、修改、抄写”的步骤写作，既不会走题，也能减少错误。

6、做好短文改错。因为作文和短文改错都属于写作题，阅卷有时会结合起来看。

■链接：

高考英语书面表达档次的划分及给分范围

备注：如果累计要点数出现带有半点的情况，可根据语言质量将其归入本档或上一档。如果归入本档，则不再降档。如果归入上一档，则取该档的低线。

评分细则：

1、按照考生所表达的要点数归档。如语言错误多，可降一档，如语言表达好，可打该档最高分或上升一档。

2、如果考生写出所有要点，但语言错误多，可降一档（如错误太多、可取其降档后之低线）。

3、考生所写内容偏题，酌情扣1―3分，抄写无关内容，不给分。