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临考磨枪：雅思写作核心语法知识句子分类回顾

来自：查字典高考网 2014-12-25

句子分类回顾：根据类型句子可分为四种：简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句。

一简单句：一个句子中只包含一个主谓或者由并列连接词来连接两个或两个以上的谓语或主语。

International tourismindeedgives rise tosome problems.

Ambition and perseveranceare two substantial factors to success.

Learning this coursecan stimulateones imagination andcultivateones independence.

二并列句：由并列连词连接的两个简单句。(and but or so for)

Life is hopeandhope is life.

Problems never stopbutpeople stop problems.

三复合句：由从属连词引导的从句修饰主句，根据意义可分为：名词从句(主、宾、表、同)、形容词从句(定语从句)、副词从句(状语从句)。

It goes without saying thatchange is an unavoidable trend.

Some people argue thatthis practice is unjustified.

四并列复合句：在并列句当中出现了复合句。

Not onlydo teachers teach us knowledge,butthey teach us many other thingswhich can never be taught by computers.

B:六类从句句型归纳总结

从句是相对于主句而言的，即它是从属于某一个主句，而不能单独作一个句子。在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句(包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式和比较九种。)

(1) 形式主语从句句型

形式主语从句是写作中非常常用的一种从句。我们先来看一下它是如何构成的。(That+一个完整的句子可做主语)。比如说：(That education is important ) is clear.这就是主语从句的基本形式。但如果句子要是这样，主语过长。所以，我们习惯于用it来代替原来的主语。而把原来的主语放在句子的最后。这句话可改为：It is clear that education is important.这就叫做形式主语从句。

1It is often the case that

2It is a fact that

(2) 宾语从句句型

宾语从句是写作中非常常用的另一种从句。它一般用来提出观点。

1Some people think that

2 Some people believe that

(3) 表语从句句型

表语从句是写作中非常常用的另一种从句，可构成各种句型。

1 The first thing to be mentioned is that

2 Another point to be considered is that

3 The last thing to be shown is that

(4) 同位语从句句型

同位语从句是写作中非常常用的另一种从句，与其前面所修饰名词形成同位关系。

1 I have a dream that one day, all roads will be made plain.

2 We hold this truth to be self-evident that all men are created equal.(5) 定语从句句型

定语从句是写作中非常常用的另一种从句，常常起修饰的作用。

① who先行词是人，在定从中可以做主语或宾语

Children who study abroad will have a good opportunity to experience a different culture.

② which先行词必须是物，在定从中可以做主语或宾语

Advertisements often urge people to buy things which they do not need.

③ that先行词既可是人，又可是物，在定从中做主语或宾语

The Internet is a tool that can expand ones horizon.

④ whom先行词是人，在定从中做宾语

Children whom their parents encourage to take part-time jobs will adapt to the society better in the future.

⑤ whose先行词既可是人，又可是物，在定从中做定语

Children whose parentsguidance is consistent and rational will have more self-confidence.

⑥ Where先行词一般是表示地点的名词，后面加完整句

The museum is the place where people can get educated and entertained.

⑦ When先行词一般是表示时间的名词，后面加完整句

I　am　looking　forward　to　a　time　when　there　is　long-lasting　peace　rather　than　war.

⑧ Why先行词一般是表示原因的名词，后面加完整句

That is the reason why I am in favor of the former view.

⑨ As引导的非限制性定语从句

1 As has been said,

2As has been mentioned,

(6)状语从句句型

状语从句是写作中非常常用的另一种从句，一般分为九种。

(一)时间状语从句

When dry desert ends, the green grass grows.

(二)地点状语从句

Where there is a will, there is a way.

(三)条件状语从句

If the economy still develops at present way, the environment will be getting worse and worse.

(四)原因状语从句

Collecting provides relaxation for leisure hours, as just looking at ones treasures is always a joy.

(五)结果状语从句

Youth is so wonderful that it is a crime to waste it.

(六)目的状语从句

Such a plan should be carried out so that the goal of education could be better met.

(七)让步状语从句

Although advertisements are never without disadvantages, their advantages carry more weight.

(八)方式状语从句

If we cannot do as we would, we must do as we can.

(九)比较状语从句

The more we study, the better we understand life

C:非谓语动词归纳总结

在英语中，不做句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式To do, Ving和Ved三种。

(一)不定式：不定式由不定式符号to加动词原形构成，及物动词的不定式可以带宾语。不定式的否定结构是在to前面加上not.不定式在句中可以做除了谓语外的任何成分。不定式一般在写作中可以做主语，宾语，后置定语，目的状语，宾语补足语和插入语。

1(主)不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把做主语的不定式短语后置。

It is vitalto receive education in this ever-accelerated society.

It is no exaggerationto say that friendship is to people what perfume is to flowers.

2(宾)

I preferto choose the latter for the following reasons.

In this way, children can learnto cooperate with others.

3(后置定语)

The deepest urge in human nature is the desireto be important.

The important thing in life is the determinationto attain a great aim.4(目的状语)

To associate with friends, we should be honest and open.

To achieve happiness, one has a long way to go.

5(宾语补足语)

Difficulties train oneto be great.

The updating society requires peopleto accept new things positively.

6(插入语)

To start with, the eye-catching development of technology is a good case in point.

Needless to say, we can never do without media.

(二)V-ing:V-ing由动词加ing构成，及物动词的ving可以带宾语。ving在句中可以做除了谓语外的任何成分。ving一般在写作中可以做主语，宾语，定语，状语，和插入语。

1做主语：Helping othersis happiness in itself.

Losingcan be a real beginning.

2做宾语：Change requiresadapting oneself to a new environment.

Reading a book is likeopening a window to the outside world.

3做定语：

A前置(将Ving放在名词前修饰名词相当于一个形容词)

Change is anexcitingbusiness.

The Internet is developing at aneye-dazzlingspeed.

B后置 (将Ving放在名词后修饰名词相当于一个省略了的定语从句)

Peopleholding the latter viewdo strongly believe that international tourism has more benefits. = Peoplewho hold the latter viewdo strongly believe that international tourism has more benefits.

Childrenspending too much time surfing the Internetmay suffer from some psychological illnesses. = Childrenwho spend too much time surfing the Internetmay suffer from some psychological illnesses.

4做状语： (只要主句的主语是Ving的发出者，Ving可以做所有的状语)

Having entered the 21stcentury, we are now blessed with more opportunities and confronted with more challenges.

Surfing the Internet, we are often annoyed by various advertisements.

Serving in the army, women can perform. as well as men do.

5做插入语：

A常规(一些可以做插入语的副词后加上Speaking而意思不变)

1 Properly speaking,

2 Generally speaking,

3B特殊 (一些由Ving构成的特殊插入语)

1 Speaking of

9 (三)V-ed: Ved由动词加ed构成。Ved一般在写作中可以做定语，状语，和插入语。

(1)做定语：

A前置(将Ved放在名词前修饰名词相当于一个形容词)

Chance favors thepreparedmind.

It seems that we have embarked upon anever-acceleratedera.

B后置 (将Ved放在名词后修饰名词相当于一个省略了的定语从句)

Difficultiesmasteredare opportunities. = Difficultieswhich are masteredare opportunities.

Childrenencouraged to study alonecan cultivate their independence and toughness. = Childrenwho are encouraged to study alonecan cultivate their independence and toughness.

(2)做状语：(只要主句的主语是Ved的承受者，Ved可以做所有的状语)

Well done, the smallest task becomes a miracle of achievement.

Encouraged to learn competition, children will adapt themselves to the society better in the future.

(3)做插入语：

1 Compared with,

2 Compared to,

3 Given,

4 Given closer analysis,

5 Based on the above factors,

6 Based on the above discussion,

7 Simply stated,

8 Simply put