来自:查字典高考网 2014-12-25
Suburbanization
If by suburb is meant an urban margin that grows more rapidly than its already developed interior, the process of suburbanization began during the emergence of the industrial city in the second quarter of the nineteenth century. Before that period the city was a small highly compact cluster in which people moved about on foot and goods were conveyed by horse and cart. But the early factories built in the 1840s were located along waterways and near railheads at the edges of cities, and housing was needed for the thousands of people drawn by the prospect of employment. In time, the factories were surrounded by proliferating mill towns of apartments and row houses that abutted the older, main cities. As a defense against this encroachment and to enlarge their tax bases, the cities appropriated their industrial neighbors. In 1854, for example, the city of Philadelphia annexed most of Philadelphia County. Similar municipal maneuvers took place in Chicago and in New York. Indeed, most great cities of the United States achieved such status only by incorporating the communities along their borders.
With the acceleration of industrial growth came acute urban crowding and accompanying social stress-conditions that began to approach disastrous proportions when, in 1888, the first commercially successful electric traction line was developed. Within a few years the horse-drawn trolleys were retired and electric streetcar networks crisscrossed and connected every major urban area, fostering a wave of suburbanization that transformed the compact industrial city into a dispersed metropolis. This first phase of mass-scale suburbanization was reinforced by the simultaneous emergence of the urban Middle Class, whose desires for homeownership in neighborhoods far from the aging inner city were satisfied by the developers of single-family housing tracts.
【托福写作背诵文选全集(9)】相关文章:
[标签:海外留学,语言考试,托福,,]
乾坤已定,组合解读2019高考数学全国3卷理科18题,你是黑马吗?
高考阅卷名师给考生的高考作文密训课 第3集 高考作文审题实操方法精讲(一)
爆笑班主任 第一季 第221集 高考结束学生有多疯狂?山东王老师疯狂吐槽
一边扔试卷一边玩摇滚?这个学校的高考减压方式,真是帅到没朋友
NBA流言收割机 第6集 神预测?高考数学试题暗示猛龙勇士4
北京新闻 2019 5.9万余北京考生今日高考 语文试题鼓励创造性阅读与表达
张雪峰高考志愿填报指南 第47集 高考志愿,令人头疼的数学系,才是专业万金油,毕业后机会多
美术联考用纸上海考试模拟试卷纸高考统考纸 4k水粉纸素描纸 速写纸卡纸美术模拟测试试卷纸 美术考试专用纸
张雪峰高考志愿填报指南 第15集 高考填报志愿,想学电子信息类专业,推荐报这六所高校,不出错
爆笑班主任 第一季 第220集 高考前最后一只视频,山东王老师揭秘高考的秘密
广州早晨 2019 山西一高中班主任带学生骑行1800公里去上海
加油吧考生:2019高考咨询大直播 第43集 科学填报志愿 规划精彩人生
高中语文知识清单高考语文总複习工具书第5次修订五全綵版五三曲一线科学备考基础知识手册知识大集结资料书参考书导书高一高二高三