2002年5月托福L听力试题

41. When he was a child.

When he finished his studies.

When he began his concert touring.

When he was invited to a musical competition.

42. Discuss his experiences on the concert tour.

Explain why he agreed to give the lecture.

Comment on his musical training at the Juilliard School.

Talk about how he learned to compose music.

43. The effect of advertising on world markets.

Modem advertising techniques.

Forms of communication in the American colonies.

The early history of advertising.

44. An educated population.

A large supply of goods and services.

A large number of publications.

An industrialized society.

45. Samples of products.

Signs on shops.

Pictures of products painted on walls.

Free paper pamphlets.

46. How the President proposes new laws.

How a bill is passed by lawmakers in Congress.

How the President can reject a proposed law.

How lawmakers can force the President to sign a bill.

47. Why the President opposes a bill.

How lawmakers want to revise a bill.

Why a deadline has not been met.

When lawmakers plan to end their session.

48. They send the message to the President within ten days.

They officially state reasons for rejecting the message.

They meet with the President.

They revise the vetoed bill.

49. The bill becomes law immediately.

The bill cant become law unless the whole process begins again.

Lawmakers must review the bill within ten days.

The President must sign the bill if its passed again.

50. Just after a new President is elected.

Just before Congress takes any short break.

When Congress has just ended an entire session.

Anytime during a session of Congress.

Section Two： Structure and Written Expression

1.__of pottery is dependent on the durability of clay after firing.

To make

The making

When to make

It is making

2.Pig iron， wrought iron， and steel contain iron carbides made up of __ of carbon.

amounts are different

different amounts that

different amounts

which amounts are different

3.The Arctic fox is found throughout the Arctic ， usually on tundra or mountains __ the sea.

by which near

near of

because near

near

4.The midge __ to any of several species of small flies， refers to a mosquito－like insect with slender wings and body， long legs， and antennae.

which a term applied

a term applied

is a term applied

applied a term

5. The face is the most __ of a human being.

part is distinctly

distinction in part

distinctive part

part of distinction

6.The chemical facts __ as a by－product of their search for gold became the basis for modem chemistry.

that had been accumulated by alchemists

were accumulated by alchemists

alchemists accumulating them

had been accumulated by alchemists

7.The fluoroscope makes __ for medical doctors to view a silhouette of the bones and internal organs of a patients body.

being possible

possibly

it is possible

it possible

8.The second－oldest continuously occupied governors mansion in the United States __ Jackson， Mississippi.

the location in

is the location

is located in

located in

9.A television camera produces an image by convening __ receives into a series of bright and dark dots.

and it

it

what it

that it

10.In so－called nonfiction novels， a documentary style is combined with fictional techniques __actual events and people.

that they describe

to describe

and in describing

are describing

11.Managers often receive considerable training in the technical aspects of their jobs __ very little in the people management aspects.

so

just as

yet

and that

12.Areas of fertile soil called deltas， usually __ are formed by mud deposited at the mouth of a river.

triangular in shape

their shape is triangular

they have a triangular shape

triangular shape

13.Though a respected educator， Alexander Graham Bell __ the inventor of the telephone.

as is best known

best known as is

is best known as

best is known as

14. Not until the First World War __ to improve the road system in the United States.

a determined effort was made

made a determined effort

when a determined effort was made

was a determined effort made

15. Often invisible， always in motion， gas is __ of matter.

the state is most energetic

stating the most energetic

the most energetic state

the state that most energetic

16. Some fish have whiskers， which are sensory organs used for touching and tasting，

A B

and which are helpful when are they searching for food in sand and mud.

C D

17.Cement is produced commercially by to heat a mixture of limestone and clay

A B

in a large，slowly rotating cylindrical furnace.

C D

18.In addition to appropriating the subject matter of mass culture， the pop art movement

A B

of the 1950s utilized various technique of mass production.

C D

19. Practical problems limit the ability of astronomers to determine the mass

A B

of asteroids，who are small planetary bodied orbiting the Sun.

C D

20.An accomplished saxophonist and composer， John Coltrane begun his career playing

A B C

in the big bands of the early 1950s.

D

21.Bacteria and similar one－celled organisms reproduce by cell division， each of the daughter

A

cell then beginning a new life as a distinct organism.

B C D

22.Many species of birds that breed in temperate latitudes often show particular patterns

A B C

of migration while the year.

D

23.Quebec， the most oldest city in Canada， lies on the north bank of the St. Lawrence

A B C D

River.

24.Because of the need to maintain the correct balance of salts and minerals in the water，

A B

keeping saltwater fish in aquariums requires more work that keeping freshwater fish.

C D

25. Addressing themes that were unique American， the poet Walt Whitman celebrated

A B C

the lives of ordinary people.

D

26.Many museums have been founded by private benefactors， and a few have received

A B

endowments that help to support theirs routine operations.

C D

27.The Bessemer process for converting iron to steel was invention of enormous importance

A B

because it led to many significant changes in industrial processes.

C D

28. Painters have been portraying the sea for centuries， and in the United States a

A B

rich tradition of marine painting been developed during the nineteenth century.

C D

29.The city of Memphis， Tennessee， was a important Confederate military center during

A B

the American Civil War and served as the temporary state capital in 1862.

C D

30. Although all sedimentary rocks contain iron， but the deposits that are richest in iron

A B

consist predominantly of minerals such as iron oxides， carbonates， silicates， and sulfides.

C D

31.In the United States， the attorney general is a cabinet member in charge with the

A B C

administration of the Department of Justice.

D

32.The Atlantic cable， which began to operating in 1866，linked the United States to London

A

and to another cable stretching eastward to India and beyond.

B C D

33. Many folk songs were originated to accompany manual work or to mark a

A B C

specific ceremonies.

D

34.The shell of the abalone， a marine snail， is especially suited by its hardness and

A B

various of colors for the manufacture of jewelry.

C D

35.Geraldine Farrar， who debuted as an opera singer in 1901，later appeared both on

A B C

stage and in several silent film.

D

36.The migration of African Americans from the rural South to the industrial North in

A

the early 1900s were the biggest internal migration in American history.

B C D

37.Searching for alternate forms of energy does not necessary mean the abandonment

A B C

of fossil fuels as an energy source.

D

38. The flamingo constructs a cylindrical mud nest for its egg， which both parents

A B C

care for it.

D

39. Due to persistent inbreeding， self－pollinating plants have genetically more uniform

A B

than cross－pollinated plants， which harbor more genetic variability.

C D

40. Metaphysical philosophy is concerned with the principles， structures， and

A B

meaningful that underlie all observable reality.

C D

Section Three： Reading Comprehension

Questions 1－9

The term folk song has been current for over a hundred years， but there is still a

good deal of disagreement as to what it actually means. The definition provided by the

International Folk Music Council states that folk music is the music of ordinary people，

Line which is passed on from person to person by being listened to rather than learned from

the printed page. Other factors that help shape a folk song include： continuity ; variation ; and selection .

When songs have been subjected to these processes their origin is usually impossible

to trace. For instance， if a farm laborer were to make up a song and sing it to a－couple of

friends who like it and memorize it， possibly when the friends come to sing it themselves

one of them might forget some of the words and make up new ones to fill the gap， while

the other， perhaps more artistic， might add a few decorative touches to the tune and

improve a couple of lines of text. If this happened a few times there would be many

different versions， the songs original composer would be forgotten， and the song would

become common property. This constant reshaping and re－creation is the essence of folk

music. Consequently， modem popular songs and other published music， even though

widely sung by people who are not professional musicians， are not considered folk music.

The music and words have been set by a printed or recorded source， limiting scope for

further artistic creation. These songs origins cannot be disguised and therefore they

belong primarily to the composer and not to a community.

The ideal situation for the creation of folk music is an isolated rural community. In

such a setting folk songs and dances have a special purpose at every stage in a persons

life， from childhood to death. Epic tales of heroic deeds， seasonal songs relating to

calendar events， and occupational songs are also likely to be sung.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss？

Themes commonly found in folk music

Elements that define folk music

Influences of folk music on popular music

The standards of the International Folk Music Council

2. Which of the following statements about the term folk song is supported by the passage？

It has been used for several centuries.

The International Folk Music Council invented it.

It is considered to be out－of－date.

There is disagreement about its meaning.

3. The word it in line 8 refers to

community

song

acceptance

memory

4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a characteristic of the typical folk

song？

It is constantly changing over time.

it is passed on to other people by being performed.

It contains complex musical structures.

It appeals to many people.

5. The word subjected in line 9 is closest in meaning to

reduced

modified

exposed

imitated

6. The author mentions the farm laborer and his friends in order to do which of the

following？

Explain how a folk song evolves over time

Illustrate the importance of music to rural workers

Show how subject matter is selected for a folk song

Demonstrate how a community， chooses a folk song

7. According to the passage， why would the original composers of folk songs be forgotten？

Audiences prefer songs composed by professional musicians.

Singers dislike the decorative touches in folk song tunes.

Numerous variations of folk songs come to exist at the same time.

Folk songs are not considered an important form of music.

8. The word essence in line 16 is closest in meaning to

basic nature

growing importance

full extent

first phase

9. The author mentions that published music is not considered to be folk music because

the original composer can be easily identified

the songs attract only the young people in a community

the songs are generally performed by professional singers

the composers write the music in rural communities

Questions 10－20

Long before they can actually speak， babies pay special attention to the speech they

hear around them. Within the first month of their lives， babies responses to the sound of

the human voice will be different from their responses to other sorts of auditory stimuli.

Line They will stop crying when they hear a person talking， but not if they hear a bell or the

sound of a rattle. At first， the sounds that an infant notices might be only those words that

receive the heaviest emphasis and that often occur at the ends of utterances. By the time

they are six or seven weeks old， babies can detect the difference between syllables

pronounced with rising and falling inflections. Very soon， these differences in adult stress

and intonation can influence babies emotional states and behavior. Long before they

develop actual language comprehension， babies can sense when an adult is playful or

angry， attempting to initiate or terminate new behavior， and so on， merely on the basis of

cues such as the rate， volume， and melody of adult speech.

Adults make it as easy as they can for babies to pick up a language by exaggerating

such cues. One researcher observed babies and their mothers in six diverse cultures and

found that， in all six languages， the mothers used simplified syntax， short utterances and

nonsense sounds， and transformed certain sounds into baby talk. Other investigators have

noted that when mothers talk to babies who are only a few months old， they exaggerate

the pitch， loudness， and intensity of their words. They also exaggerate their facial

expressions， hold vowels longer， and emphasize certain words.

More significant for language development than their response to general intonation is

observation that tiny babies can make relatively fine distinctions between speech sounds.

other words， babies enter the world with the ability to make precisely those perceptual

discriminations that are necessary if they are to acquire aural language.

Babies obviously derive pleasure from sound input， too： even as young as nine months

they will listen to songs or stories， although the words themselves are beyond their

understanding. For babies， language is a sensory－motor delight rather than the route to

prosaic meaning that it often is for adults.

10.What does the passage mainly discuss？

How babies differentiate between the sound of the human voice and other sounds

The differences between a babys and an adults ability to comprehend language

How babies perceive and respond to the human voice in their earliest stages of language development

The response of babies to sounds other than the human voice

11. Why does the author mention a bell and a rattle in lines 4－5 ？

To contrast the reactions of babies to human and nonhuman sounds

To give examples of sounds that will cause a baby to cry

To explain how babies distinguish between different nonhuman sounds

To give examples of typical toys that babies do not like

12. Why does the author mention syllables pronounced with rising and falling inflections in lines

7－8 ？

To demonstrate how difficult it is for babies to interpret emotions

To illustrate that a six－week－old baby can already distinguish some language differences

To provide an example of ways adults speak to babies

To give a reason for babies difficulty in distinguishing one adult from another

13. The word diverse in line 14 is closest in meaning to

surrounding

divided

different

stimulating

14 The wordnoted in line 17 is closest in meaning to

theorized

requested

disagreed

observed

15. The word They in line 18 refers to

mothers

investigators

babies

words

16. The passage mentions all of the following as ways adults modify their speech when talking to

babies EXCEPT

giving all words equal emphasis

speaking with shorter sentences

speaking more loudly than normal

using meaningless sounds

17. The word emphasize in line 19 is closest in meaning to

stress

repeat

explain

leave out

18. Which of the following can be inferred about the findings described in paragraph 2 ？

Babies who are exposed to more than one language can speak earlier than babies exposed

to a single language.

Mothers from different cultures speak to their babies in similar ways.

Babies ignore facial expressions in comprehending aural language.

The mothers observed by the researchers were consciously teaching their babies to speak.

19. What point does the author make to illustrate that babies are born with the ability to acquire

language？

Babies begin to understand words in songs.

Babies exaggerate their own sounds and expressions.

Babies are more sensitive to sounds than are adults.

Babies notice even minor differences between speech sounds.

20. According to the author， why do babies listen to songs and stories， even though they cannot

understand them？

They understand the rhythm.

They enjoy the sound.

They can remember them easily.

They focus on the meaning of their parents words.

Questions 21－29

Under the Earths topsoil， at various levels， sometimes under a layer of rock， there are

deposits of clay. Look at cuts where highways have been built to see exposed clay beds; or

look at a construction site， where pockets of clay may be exposed. Rivers also reveal clay

Line along their banks， and erosion on a hillside may make clay easily accessible.

What is clay made of？ The Earths surface is basically rock， and it is this rock that

gradually decomposes into clay. Rain， streams， alternating freezing and thawing， roots of

trees and plants forcing their way into cracks， earthquakes， volcanic action， and glaciersall

of these forces slowly break down the Earths exposed rocky crust into smaller and smaller

pieces that eventually become clay.

Rocks are composed of elements and compounds of elements. Feldspar， which is the

most abundant mineral on the Earths surface， is basically made up of the oxides silica and

alumina combined with alkalies like potassium and some so－called impurities such as iron.

Feldspar is an essential component of granite rocks， and as such it is the basis of clay.

When it is wet， clay can be easily shaped to make a variety of useful objects， which can

then be fired to varying degrees of hardness and covered with impermeable decorative

coatings of glasslike material called glaze. Just as volcanic action， with its intense heat，

fuses the elements in certain rocks into a glasslike rock called obsidian， so can we apply

heat to earthen materials and change them into a hard， dense material. Different clays need

different heat levels to fuse， and some， the low－fire clays， never become nonporous and

watertight like highly fired stoneware. Each clay can stand only a certain amount of heat

without losing its shape throughsagging or melting. Variations of clay composition and the

temperatures at which they are fired account for the differences in texture and appearance

between a china teacup and an earthenware flowerpot.

21. The authors main point in paragraph 1 is that clay deposits

conceal layers of rock

can be found in various places

are usually small

must be removed from construction sites

22. It can be inferred from the passage that clay is LEAST likely to be plentiful in which of the

following areas？

In desert sand dunes

In forests

On hillsides

Near rivers

23. The word accessible in line 4 is closest in meaning to

buried

improved

available

workable

24. According to the passage， rock breaks down into clay under all of the following conditions

EXCEPT when

it is exposed to freezing and thawing

roots of trees force their way into cracks

it is combined with alkalies

natural forces wear away the Earths crust

25. Why does the author mention feldspar in line 10？

It is often used as a substitute for clay.

It is damaged by the oxides in clay.

Its presence indicates inferior clay.

It is a major component of clay.

26. The word it in line 13 refers to

iron

feldspar

granite

clay

27. Based on the information in the passage， it can be inferred that low－fire clays are MOST

appropriate for making objects that

must be strong

can be porous

have a smooth texture

are highly decorated

28. The phrase account for in line 22 is closest in meaning to

reduce

explain

combine with

list all of

29. The passage supports which of the following conclusions？

Clay deposits are only found deep in the Earth.

If clay contains too much iron it will melt when fired.

Only certain types of clay are appropriate for making china teacups.

If sufficient heat is applied， all clay will become nonporous.

Questions 30－40

The smooth operation of an ant colony depends on ten to twenty different signals，

most of which are pheromones . It is

estimated that red fire ants employ at least twelve different chemical signals. The simples

Line of these is the carbon dioxide from the respiration of an ant cluster， a chemical that acts as

a pheromone to promote aggregation. Workers move toward a source of carbon dioxide，

resulting in solitary ants moving to join a group. At the other extreme， the most complex

of the fire ants signals is probably colony odor， by which the workers of a particular

colony or nest identify another worker as local or foreign. Each ant nest has its own odor

as a result of its location， history， and local food supply. The resident ants pick up this

odor on their bodies， so that ants of the same species， but from different nests， have

different colony odors. This allows ants to identify intruders and maintain colony

integrity.

Fire ants also make use of an alarm pheromone to alert workers to an emergency，

and their scouts lay down a trail pheromone as a guide during mass migrations. A fire ant

queen emits a chemical signal that identifies her to the colonys workers. They respond

by scurrying to gather around her. The decomposing corpse of a dead ant also generates

a signal， to which workers respond by eliminating the corpse from the nest.

Ants provide examples of both public and private

messages. One of their most important private messages concerns food， for a food source

is worth keeping secret. Each species marks its trails with signals that are meaningless to

others， so that an ant crossing a trail left by another ant species typically notices nothing.

On the other hand， a secret signal to mark a dead body is unnecessary. Many kinds of ants

perceive a natural decomposition product of dead insects as a signal to remove a corpse.

If an outsider recognizes this message and moves the body， no harm is done.

30. What aspect of ants does the passage mainly discuss？

The relationship between the queen and the worker ants

Ways in which ants use chemical signals

Methods ants use to identify food sources

The importance of respiration in the production of ant pheromones

31. The phrase smooth operation in line 1 is closest in meaning to

daily activity

effective functioning

delicate balance

permanent location

32. According to the passage， carbon dioxide serves which of the following functions for fire ants？

It protects the queen.

It attracts other ant species.

It informs workers of possible danger.

It encourages the ants to gather together.

33. The word cluster in line 4 is closest in meaning to

organ

activity

group

cycle

34.According to the passage， each nest has a distinct odor that allows its inhabitants to

find the location of the nest in the dark

distinguish worker ants from other ants

distinguish foreign ants from resident ants

signal other inhabitants when foreign ants attack

35. The word alert in line 13 is closest in meaning to

allow

transport

ware

provide

36. What is the role of pheromones in the mass migrations of ants？

Pheromones are used to create a trail that directs the ants during migrations.

Pheromones signal the ants that the nest has been invaded and must be

abandoned.

Pheromones control the speed at which ants move from one location to another.

Pheromones enable scouts to identify suitable areas for establishing a new nest.

37. The word scurrying in line 16 is closest in meaning to

agreeing

appearing

competing

rushing

38. The word others in line 21 refers to

private messages

species

trails

signals

39. Why does the author mention dead insects in line 23 ？

To compare the social behaviors of ants with those of other insects

To emphasize the dangers that all insects encounter

To argue the superiority of ants over other insects

To indicate a behavior that is common among various kinds of ants

40. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage？

pheromones

colony integrity

mass migrations

private messages

Questions 41－50

The Homestead Act of 1862 gave beads of families or individuals aged twenty－one or

older the right to own 160 acres of public land in the western United States after five years

of residence and improvement. This law was intended to provide land for small farmers

Line and to prevent land from being bought for resale at a profit or being owned by large

landholders. An early amendment to the act even prevented husbands and wives from

filing separate claims. The West， land reformers had assumed， would soon contain many

160－acre family farms.

They were doomed to disappointment. Most landless Americans were too poor to

become farmers even when they could obtain land without cost. The expense of moving a

family to the ever－receding frontier exceeded the means of many， and the cost of tools，

draft animals， a wagon， a well， fencing， and of building the simplest house， might come

to $1，000a formidable barrier. As for the industrial workers for whom the free land was

supposed to provide a safety valve， they had neither the skills nor the inclination to

become farmers. Homesteaders usually came from districts not far removed from frontier

conditions. And despite the intent of the law， speculators often managed to obtain large

tracts. They hired people to stake out claims， falsely swear that they had fulfilled the

conditions laid down in the law for obtaining legal title， and then deed the land over to

their employers.

Furthermore， 160 acres were not enough for raising livestock or for the kind of

commercial agriculture that was developing west of the Mississippi. The national

government made a feeble attempt to make larger holdings available to homesteaders

by passing the Timber Culture Act of 1873， which permitted individuals to claim an

additional 160 acres if they would agree to plant a quarter of it in trees within ten years.

This law proved helpful to some farmers in the largely treeless states of Kansas，

Nebraska， and the Dakotas. Nevertheless， fewer than 25 percent of the 245，000 who

took up land under the Act obtained final title to the property.

41. Which aspect of the Homestead Act of

1862 does the passage mainly discuss？

How it transformed the western United States into a place of small farms

Why it was an improvement over previous attempts at land reform

Why it did not achieve its aim to provide land for small farmers

How it failed in the largely treeless states of Kansas， Nebraska， and the Dakotas

42. An amendment added to the Homestead Act of 1862 specified that

five years of residence was required for landownership

husbands and wives could not file separate claims

the price of 160 acres of land was $1，000

land could not be resold for a profit

43. The word formidable in line 12 is closest in meaning to

obvious

predictable

difficult

manageable

44. It can be inferred that the safety valve in line 13 refers to

a new kind of machinery

an alternative for urban workers

an area in a factory

a procedure designed to protect workers

45. The word intent in line 15 is closest in meaning to

purpose

power

effect

invention

46. According to the passage， why did the government pass the Timber Culture Act of 1873 ？

To make larger tracts of land available to small farmers

To settle Kansas， Nebraska， and the Dakotas

To encourage land speculation west of the Mississippi

To increase the variety of trees growing in the western states

47. The word theyin line 23 refers to

larger holdings

individuals

160 acres

trees

48. According to the passage， how many of the farmers who settled land under the Timber Culture

Act of 1873 received final title to the property？

Fewer than 25%

More than 160

10% per year

245，000

49. The passage mentions all of the following as reasons the Homestead Act of 1862 did not

achieve its aims EXCEPT：

Most landless Americans could not afford the necessary tools and provisions.

Industrial workers lacked the necessary fanning skills.

The farms were too large for single families to operate successfully.

Homesteaders usually came from areas relatively close to the frontier.

50. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the Timber Culture Act of 1873？

It especially helped farmers with large holdings of land.

It was most important to farmers living in states that had plenty of trees.

The majority of farmers did not benefit significantly from it.

The majority of farmers did not need the extra 160 acres it provided.

TWE

When people move to another country， some of them decide to follow the customs of the new

country. Others prefer to keep their own customs. Compare these two choices. Which one do you prefer？ Support your answer with specific details.

0205 answer

CBACB ACBCB DDADB ABBCD ADBAA DCABC CCBAC BDADB AADBB BADBC

BCDBC ADCCB CACDC DBDCB BDADB DBDAA CADCD CBDBC

BDBCC ACAAC ABCDA AABDB BACCD BBBCB BDCCC ADBDA CBCDA ABACC

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