I.Listen

Listentothetextwiththehelpofthefollowingnotes.

1.itismoreconvenient...insearchofamusementelsewhere:(对四口之家来说)舒服地坐在家里，有着包罗万象的娱乐节目供选择，当然比外出到别的地方寻找娱乐活动更为方便，更合算了。

2.onlytodiscover...disappointing:最终发现演出是那样令人失望。此处only表示出乎意料。

3.takesnoinitiative:没有任何主动性。

4.Themostdistantcountries...intoonessitting-room:最遥远的国度、最奇异的风俗了情被直接送到人们起居室。

5.flickeringpictures:闪烁为定的图像。

II.Read

Readthefollowingpassages.Underlinetheimportantviewpointswhilereading.

1.WhyWatchTelevision?

Matthew:Televisionisundoubtedlyagreatinvention,butoneofthemaincriticismsofitisthatpeoplejustarentselectiveenough.Lesley,youvegotatelevision;howdoyoupickoutthesortsofprogrammesyouwanttowatch?

Lesley:Itryandlookattheprogrammesthatareontodecidewhichparticularonesinterestme,ratherthanyouturningitonatsevenoclockandyouleavingitonuntilhalf-pastelevenwhentheprogrammesfinish.

Matthew:Doyouthinkoftelevisionthoughasagreattime-waster?

Lesley:Un...Ithinkitcanbeatime-wasteranditdependsonhowparticularpeopleareaboutwhattheywanttosee...Mm,itcanjustbeasortoftotalamusementforsomeoneandtotallyconsumingwithoutreallyconsideringwhatitistheyrewatching.

Matthew:Aha,buthowdoyoupreventitcomingintoyourlifeandtakingoveryoureveningsandatthesametimeperhapsget...getoutofthetelevisionsomeofthesortofbestthings...bestprogrammesthat...thatundoubtedlyareontelevision?

Lesley:Well,Isupposeoneoftheproblemsis...willdependonwhatapersonslifestyleis,andthatifhehasotheroutsideinterestswhichareequallyimportanttohimastelevision,hewillthen,youknow,mm...bemorecarefulaboutwhichprogrammeshewantstowatchbecausehehastimewhichhewantstouseforotherthings.

Matthew:Doyouthinkthoughthat...thatin...inasensetelevisionhaskilledpeoplesowner...sortof,creativityortheirabilitytoentertainthemselvesbecauseiftheyreboredalltheydoisjustturnonthetelevision?

Lesley:Yes,Ithinkthatisadanger,andIthinkthat...infactiswhatishappeningtoalotofpeoplewhouseitastheir...theirmain...umfieldofamusementand...becausetheydonthaveotheroutsideinterestsandevenwhenpeoplecomeroundtheyllleavethetelevisiononandnotbe,youknow,particularlyinterestedintalkingtothem,youknowthetelevisionwillbethemainthingintheroom.

Matthew:Peter,haveyouatelevision?

Peter:Ihave,infactIvegottwotelevisions.

Matthew:Doyouwatchthemalot?

Peter:Er...noI...Iwatchveryseldomer...Infact,IfindthatIwatchtelevisionmostwhenImworkingwhichrequiresnothingofme,thenIwatchtelevisionalot.WhenIvegotmoreenergyleft...um...inmyownprivatetime,thenIfindIdomoredifferentthings.Idothingslikeumreading,orgoingout,orworkingonanything...myhobbies.

Matthew:Doyouthinkthoughthatpeoplecanliveaperfectlyhappylifeiftheyhaventgotatelevision?

Peter:Ohyes,Ithinkpeoplewhodonthaveatelevisionorpeoplewhodontwatchtelevisioncanbeexpectedtobemorehappy.YoucanassumeIthinkiftheyneverwatchtelevisiontheyarehappierpeoplethanthepeoplewhowatchalotoftelevision,becauseIthinkthattelevisiongoeswiththekindoflifewhichleavesyouwithnothingtospare,nothingleft,youhavetobegivenpotted,passiveentertainment.

Matthew:Butinthatcaseyou...youseemasthoughyourecompletelyagainsttelevision,isthattrue?

Peter:No,itsnot.I...Ihaveatelevisioninfact,IhavetwoasIsaid,buterI...I...Ithinktheresadilemma,adifficultsituation.Televisioninitselfisverygood;a...alotoftheinformationandalotoftheprogrammesareveryinstructive,theyintroduceyoutothingsyoumayneverhavethoughofbeforeorneverhavehardaboutbefore.Butinwatching,itmakesyouverypassive;yousitforhourafterhourandyougetveryreceptiveandveryunquestioninganditseemstometheimportantthinginlifeistobeactive,to...todothings,tothinkthingsandtobeascreativeaspossible,andtelevisionpreventsthis.2.ChildrenandTelevision

Housewife:WhatdoIthinkoftelevision?Um,um,well,um,itkeepsthefamilyathome,thekidsdontgooutatnightsomuchnow,theycomestraightinfromschoolmostofthem,theyruninandstraight,wellthetelevisionsonwhentheycomein,Iwatchitmyselfduringtheafternoon.Er,wellitscompanyreallyand,er,well,thenthekidscomehome,theyeattheirtea,Ihavenotroublewiththemeatingtheirteabecausetheyjust...well,theydontevenlookatwhattheyeat,theyeat,theyjustsitdownand,erm,theyeatitandtheyliketheprogrammesand,anditkeepsthemquietwhileImcookingtheteafortheirdadwhenhecomesin,and,erandthenewsisonorperhapsthefootballmatchorsomething,er,theyhavetobequietthen,theyrenotveryinterestedinthatthemselves,theylikethecartoonsandthingsbut,em,yeah,well,Ithinktelevisionsgreat,er,wegetonmuchbetterinthehousenow,um,well,wevegotthingstotalkabout,erm,youknow,ifImissaprogramme,erifImcookingorsomethinginthekitchen,Imissabitofwhatsgoingon,ImeanIhavethedooropensoIcanhear,butifImissabitthentheywilltellme,andthenperhapslaterorperhapsthenextdaywellhaveachatabutit,youknow.Itgivesussomethingtotalkaboutreally.Um,Idontthinkithurtsthekids,Idontthinkitsaproblem,youknow,like,er,itstopsthem,makestheireyesgofunnyorsomething,Idontthinkitsaproblemlikethat.Idontthinkitsaproblematall.Theyve...theyvelearnedalotfromtelevision,Ithink,theyrealwayspipingupwithquestionsandlearningalotfromthetelevision.3.TelevisionIsDoingIrreparableHarm

Yes,butwhatdidweusetodobeforetherewastelevision?Howoftenwehearstatementslikethis!Televisionhasntbeenwithusallthatlong,butwearealreadybeginningtoforgetwhattheworldwaslikewithoutit.Beforeweadmittedtheone-eyedmonsterintoourhomes,weneverfounditdifficulttooccupyoursparetime.Weusedtoenjoycivilizedpleasures.Forinstance,weusedtohavehobbies,weusedtoentertainourfriendsandbeentertainedbythem,weusedtogooutsideforouramusementstotheatres,cinemas,restaurantsandsportingevents.Weevenusedtoreadbooksandlistentomusicandbroadcasttalksoccasionally.Allthatbelongstothepast.Nowallourfreetimeisregulatedbythegogglebox.Werushhomeorgulpdownourmealstobeintimeforthisorthatprogramme.Wehaveevengiveupsittingattableandhavingaleisurelyeveningmeal,exchangingthenewsoftheday.Asandwichandaglassofbeerwilldo-anything,providingitdoesntinterferewiththeprogramme.Themonsterdemandsandobtainsabsolutesilenceandattention.Ifanymemberofthefamilydarestoopenhismouthduringaprogramme,heisquicklysilenced.

Wholegenerationsaregrowingupaddictedtothetelly.Foodisleftuneaten,homeworkundoneandsleepislost.Thetellyisauniversalpacifier.Itisnowstandardpracticeformothertokeepthechildrenquietbyputtingthemintheliving-roomandturningontheset.Itdoesntmatterthatthechildrenwillwatchrubbishycommercialsorspectaclesofsadismandviolence-solongastheyarequiet.

Thereisalimittotheamountofcreativetalentavailableintheworld.Everyday,televisionconsumesvastquantitiesofcreativework.Thatiswhymostoftheprogrammesaresobad:itisimpossibletokeeppacewiththedemandandmaintainhighstandardsaswell.Whenmillionswatchthesameprogrammes,thewholeworldbecomesavillage,andsocietyisreducedtotheconditionswhichobtaininpre-literatecommunities.Webecomeutterlydependentonthetwomostprimitivemediaofcommunication:picturesandthespokenword.

Televisionencouragepassiveenjoyment.Webecomecontentwithsecond-handexperiences.Itissoeasytositinourarmchairswatchingothersworking.Littlebylittle,televisioncutsusofffromtherealworld.Wegetsolazy,wechoosetospendafinedayinsemi-darkness,gluedtooursets,ratherthangooutintotheworlditself.Televisionmaybeasplendidmediumorcommunication,butitpreventsusfromcommunicatingwitheachother.Weonlybecomeawarehowtotallyirrelevanttelevisionistoreallivingwhenwespendaholidaybytheseaorinthemountains,farawayfromcivilization.Inquiet,naturalsurroundings,wequicklydiscoverhowlittlewemissthehypnotictyrannyofKingTelly.

4.TelevisionIsGoodforPeople

TVmaybeavitalfactorinholdingafamilytogetherwherethereare,forexample,economicproblemsandhusbandandwifeseematbreakingpoint.Thedangerousinfluenceissurelynomorethanwhatallofusareexposedtoeveryday...inadvertising,inthepress.

PrimaryandsecondaryeducationhaveimprovedoutofallrecognitionsincethearrivalofTVinthehomeandthisisnotonlybecauseofprogrammesdesignedforschools.ThroughTVachildcanextendhisknowledgeanditprovidesvitalfoodforhisimagination.

5.TelevisionIstoBlame

TVpassesontochildrenthecorruptingvaluesofacorruptsociety.ItsonlyamatteroftimebeforewecangivestatisticalevidenceofhowmanycriminalssocietyhasgivenbirthtoinfrontoftheTVonSaturdaynight.

YoucanblameTVforthefactthatchildrentakelongertolearntoreadthesedaysandbarelyseethepointanymoreofacquiringtheskill.InmyopinionwatchingTVshouldbestrictlyconfinedtotreats

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